CAR AND DRIVER
BY DON SHERMANWe have serious dirt on GM's secret mid-engined supercar.
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GM’s head of global product development, Mark Reuss, confirms that the company is working on the next Corvette. Our sources elaborate on this salient piece of information, telling us that, after 61 years of evolution, the C8 will be revolutionary.
The new Corvette will be the mid-engined American Dream Machine that Chevy couldn’t, until now, muster the courage to build. In truth, the factory is still not prepared to detail what’s coming, which is why you’re looking at the 2017 model year through our freshly waxed crystal ball.
Why mid-engine? Because the C7 Corvette, especially the Z06 edition, is tapped out. Adding more power to a front-engine design only accelerates the conversion of rubber into smoke at the rear. Moving the engine’s mass closer to the drive tires is the most effective means of improving Corvette acceleration and braking.The second reason is less engineering-driven: Chevy wants to finally move the Corvette past the basic proportions and form language it has used since the C3. Today’s Stingray is a dream car for men on the wrong side of 50.
But by updating the exterior with a radical remix of its visual masses, the Corvette could sweep the odd Aventador, LaFerrari, P1, and 918 posters off adolescents’ bedroom walls. As Chevy well knows, kids grow up quickly, and the fortunate ones convert their salaries to sports cars. Read on for how the C8 will take shape.
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The Plan
The C8 flagship, the Zora ZR1, will debut the new mid-engine architecture. Launching as a 2017 model, it will define the top of the Corvette hierarchy just as its precursors did in the 1990–1995 C4 generation and 2009–2013 C6 model years. As before, the ZR1 will be low volume, roughly 1500 units per annum, and high priced.We figure around $150,000. It’ll be a stand-alone special that will peacefully coexist in Chevy showrooms with C7 models for a few years. The new platform, with appropriate bodywork and cockpit changes, could also support a revived Cadillac XLR (with better sales success than the last one, we hope).
By 2020, we expect the C7 to take its rightful place in the National Corvette/Sinkhole Museum and that all future models—yes, even the base Corvette—will shift to the mid-engine platform.
The Engines
Those who fear the demise of GM’s immortal small-block can relax because V-8s will surely propel the eighth-gen car. Using a single cam in the block plus pushrods offers weight, bulk, and cost incentives too valuable to squander.And the direct-injection, modular-displacement (cylinder shutdown), and variable-cam-timing technologies implemented for the C7 give this engine another lease on life. While it’s premature to quote displacement, power, and aspiration details, we expect the C8 to soundly beat today’s Stingray Z51’s acceleration (zero to 60 in 3.9 seconds), its 181-mph top speed, and its fuel-economy bogies.
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The Packaging
Porsche’s Boxster and Cayman are worthy case studies for the next Corvette because they’ve astutely answered knotty questions, such as “How do you construct a mid-engined roadster?” and “What about trunk space?”Lacking million-dollar computer-drafting tools, we instead conducted our packaging study in 1/24 scale with help from Sam Haase, a crack model builder from Belleville, Michigan.
The small-block V-8 he pirated from a Corvette kit didn’t quite fit the hole intended for the Boxster S’s 3.4-liter flat-six (full-scale measurements reveal that the V-8 is 3.5 inches longer, 2.3 inches taller, but 6.0 inches narrower than the Porsche flat-six).
This necessitated a 4.0-inch scale wheelbase increase, yielding a C8/Porsche mock-up about the same length as today’s Corvette but with a 5.3-inch shorter wheelbase.
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A Corvette-sized muffler would fight for the space occupied by the Boxster’s five-cubic-foot rear trunk. This will surely disappoint golfers who drive their C7s to the links with more than one set of clubs in their 10-to-15-cubic-foot cargo holds.The new Zora ZR1 will be for those who enjoy long drives without using clubs.
Another packaging issue is the fuel-tank location. Porsche stuck with its historic ahead-of-the-cockpit spot for balance, but we imagine GM is more likely to tuck the C8’s gas tank in a center tunnel where it could share space with coolant plumbing.
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The Transaxles
This is the trickiest part of the C8 engineering equation, because the choices available and the execution costs related to transaxle design are daunting. Will a conventional manual transmission survive? Would a paddle-shifted dual-clutch automatic appeal to traditional Corvette enthusiasts? Can any torque-converter/planetary-gear automatic provide the rapid reflexes a modern sports car deserves?Our snooping suggests that the Corvette engineering group will develop just one transaxle for the initial phase of the C8 program, and that a dual-clutch automatic will be its choice. Given the years it took GM to develop Hydra-Matic six- and eight-speed automatics, appointing an outside supplier to design and manufacture the Zora’s transaxle makes the most sense.
There are at least six specialists up to that task. We’re betting that Oerlikon Graziano—a proven supplier to Aston Martin, Lamborghini, and McLaren—will supply the C8’s seven-speed dual-clutch transaxle. After the inevitable weeping over the demise of the manual, life in Bloomington will continue. Mourners will probably be in the minority anyway—65 percent of new Stingrays are delivered with automatics.
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The C8s structure will build on GM's expertise in aluminum.
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The Structure
Today’s aluminum space frame will need a heavy massage to provide the C8 with strong, stiff bones. But it’s doable: The robotic frame fabrication GM tooled up for the C7 can be expanded and reprogrammed to serve the coming car. Also, GM has recently developed advanced processes for magnesium casting and sheet forming that could be useful for the Corvette’s structure and help drop the C8’s curb weight below today’s 3450 pounds.The Chassis
Expect the current control-arm suspensions, composite leaf springs, adjustable magnetic dampers, and Brembo brakes to carry on with appropriate revisions. Shifting weight rearward to improve acceleration and braking will necessitate new wheel and tire sizes. Expect Michelin to continue as the tire supplier. |
The Cockpit
Since the engine no longer impedes the driver’s view ahead, a lower seating position is practical. A much shorter hood would also improve forward sightlines. This is the designer’s delicate balancing act, because rear visibility will be hampered by the new engine location.We’d also love to see a larger touch screen in the center dash to take over additional secondary-control functions. This would be an ideal opportunity to switch from the common landscape format to a portrait-mode (taller, narrower) screen, à la Tesla Model S.
As long as round knobs for basic entertainment and HVAC functions remain, we’ll be happy. The absence of a traditional gear-stirring stick means that new space will be available for a smartphone dock, storage bins, and the requisite cup holders.
We’re hoping that the lessons learned from today’s GT and Competition Sport seats help the Corvette team home in on one improved bucket suitable for both soft- and hard-core users.
The Body
Doors are the next logical candidate for conversion from sheet-molded fiberglass to lighter, stiffer, crash-resistant carbon-composite assemblies. Current Corvette supplier Plasan Carbon Composites manufactures carbon-fiber panels for both the Corvette and the Viper, and this firm has the interest and ability to supply additional parts using its advanced pressure-press processes.The Styling
Every candy bar needs an enticing wrapper, and every prom queen deserves a gorgeous gown. The Corvette is no different: It’s an automotive candy bar, a V-8–powered prom queen.To give the Zora shape and form, we held a design contest and invited three world-class automotive artists to draw their visions of the C8. To pick a winner, two dozen C/D staff members pored over the submissions. The bake-off got heated at times, but the win was decisive. Their renderings are below.
Ken Okuyama
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Okuyama’s views of the next Corvette are, shall we say, uninhibited. He explains: “As C2 to C3 took a radical departure in styling, I thought it’s about time to do so for C8. For C3, designers Bill Mitchell and Larry Shinoda were inspired by stingray fish.
This time, I was inspired by Le Mans prototype hybrid racers.
“The mid-engine model shown here takes a step upmarket,” Okuyama says, “to boost the Corvette’s image, plus GM’s as a whole, as the Enzo did for Ferrari.”
Advanced materials, such as polycarbonate and carbon fiber, are built into the design to allow more aerodynamic shapes for the cabin and fenders. A rear-mounted radiator draws cooling air from both internal and under-car flow.
“These special features will advance Corvette to the top of the super-sports category and ahead of any European competitor,” he says. We say Okuyama’s ZR1 is too extreme for series production and that it better suits a hypercar than a mere supercar. But we love the wildness of it.
Peter Stevens
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Referring to America’s two-seat sweetheart, Stevens notes: “People don’t buy a Corvette after considering a Porsche, Ferrari, or McLaren. They buy one because they know this is what they want. They’re either replacing an older model or buying the car they’ve always wanted.
“To introduce these people to a mid-engined Corvette,” he continues, “means making sure they know what it is with visual familiarity. The designer has to respect the current design language for at least the first new iteration of the car.” After that, he says, things can take off in a more dramatic way.
“The Vette never took major design side trips,” Stevens says. “That’s why this proposal respects the existing design culture.”
Our Goldilocks panel thought this porridge was a bit too cold. But that’s not to say that it isn’t cool. Maybe we just couldn’t get past the taillamps.
Camilo Pardo
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Growing up near Detroit and taking courses at the city’s Center for Creative Studies (now College for Creative Studies) nurtured Pardo’s passion for sports cars and modern art. Upon graduation in 1985, he joined Ford and had studio assignments in Dearborn; Turin, Italy; and Cologne, Germany.
In 1999, Pardo was summoned home for a dream assignment: catapult Ford’s GT40 sports racer from the 1960s into the 21st century. The success of the resulting 2002 Ford GT concept earned him fame and the task of heading up the production model’s design while serving as Ford’s SVT studio chief.
Pardo owns a three-story building on Detroit’s Woodward Avenue that serves as his residence, studio, and garage. When he isn’t fretting over future sports cars or competing in open-road races with his nicely patinated Ford GT, Pardo exercises his creativity with oil painting, furniture sculpting, and fashion design.
Designing Fords didn’t curb Pardo’s Chevy enthusiasm: “Mid-year [1963–1967] Corvettes are my favorites, especially the ’66 roadster. It’s a beautifully contained design, in essence a speed form with a pocket for the passengers.”
And he kept the car’s history in mind when looking to the future: “To build on Corvette’s legacy, I created a new mid-engine speed form that’s both kinetic and aggressively directional. The challenge was combining Corvette’s well-known DNA with exterior sculpture that’s fresh and contemporary.”
We loved Pardo’s ability to shift the car’s proportions while maintaining a decidedly Vette-like personality. This is a sketch that could make it all the way to the street and fully establish the mid-engined Corvette as a $150,000 Ferrari killer.
Meanwhile, in Warren, Michigan, and in other GM styling studios around the globe, the real designers of the C8 are sweating the final details of this Corvette to be. However that car turns out, keep this issue handy to compare Pardo’s sketch with the finished product. We bet he’s gotten pretty close.
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